In May 1962, Milton Obote became Prime Minister of Uganda and on 9 October 1962 Uganda achieved independence almost a year later as the neighbouring country of Tanzania.
Milton Obote promised the people of Uganda an improvement in living standards and control of the economy. His first reign from 1962 to 1971 he was however filled with disputes over the power in the State, for the first an alliance with “capitalist” Bauer, merchants and officials against the traditional upper class was formed. Small farmers, agricultural workers and ungerlernte workers (“the people”) were not taken into account in the new policy. Her life became increasingly difficult. The public blamed the Indo Pakistani merchants and entrepreneurs for it and some of them left Uganda. However, the majority of immigrants decided for a stay and some took even the Ugandan citizenship.
The Constitution of the new Uganda was a compromise from the proposals by the centralists and federalists, and more or less the product of the British Commission involved in the preparations of the independence. She created a State which consisted of 15 regions with different forms of organization. Buganda was a constitutional monarchy with special rights, such as the indirect election of the members in accordance with the Constitution. The upper classes had hedged against the Central Government land reform: changes in the ownership of the ground were allowed to go only with the consent of the Buganda King before him. In addition the Baganda thus expected due to the edge of their education and their familiarity with the political work in the context of the first expected to occupy the leading positions in Uganda: waiting and acquired secure was the default.
In addition to Buganda, there were still four more kingdoms: Toro, Ankole, Bunyoro and Busoga. In this rich the Kings had be deprived but already before independence right on most. The other ten districts managed by Governors of the Central Government. Uganda’s domestic policy was marked by violence and Uganda’s politicians were too inexperienced to recognize that violence as a means of policy creates new violence. Soon, perpetrators of violence were also no difference between political and other objectives.